How are cards valued?

I created formulas in Excel to determine average coin and pack costs, as well as card rarity to determine "common card" values for each base set and insert variation.  Once I had these common card and variation multipliers values, I factored in star popularity and card demand to assign a base value to each card.

Values are shown in coin equivalents, not monetary values.  Unfortunately, Topps doesn't allow us to sell the cards for coins, but this at least gives us collectors some guidance when making trades.  In fact, I made this guide because I was tired of blindly making trades without knowing how cards matched up with one another.  Do I trade three Greens for an Orange?  Should I give up a Week 1 Exclusive Roman Reigns for 2 Teal cards?

This guide isn't perfect, but it's the only thing like this right now.  I hope you find it useful, but I didn't hire a complaint department, so feel free to close this window or make your own guide if you don't like it.